Dr Michelle Groome
Principal Researcher – Epidemiology
About
Dr Michelle Groome a Principal Researcher in Epidemiology at Wits VIDA. She is the immediate past Head of the Division of Public Health Surveillance and Response at the National Institute for Communicable Diseases. She has more than 15 years’ experience in the field of infectious diseases and vaccinology, including conduct of clinical vaccine trials, respiratory and diarrhoeal disease surveillance programmes and observational studies assessing vaccine impact, effectiveness, immunogenicity, and safety in South Africa.
She qualified as a medical doctor at the University of the Witwatersrand and has a Diploma in Child Health. She obtained a Master of Science in Medicine (Epidemiology and Biostatistics) and a PhD in Public Health from the University of the Witwatersrand.
Michelle holds a joint appointment as Senior Researcher, School of Pathology, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of the Witwatersrand, where she lectures and supervises post-graduate students. She previously led the diarrhoeal disease portfolio at the SAMRC: Respiratory and Meningeal Pathogens Research Unit. Important public health contributions include providing the first rotavirus vaccine effectiveness data from Africa which was pivotal to inform public health decisions and provide evidence for sustained use of this vaccine in low and middle-income countries and evaluating safety and immunogenicity of a novel injectable subunit rotavirus vaccine in South Africa.
Dr Groome has over 70 publications in local and international peer-reviewed journals and is a regular presenter at local and international conferences. She has received several awards including the Emerging Global Leader Award from the Fogarty International Center, National Institutes of Health (2016), and the South African Medical Research Council Scientific Merit Award (2017). She has a South African National Research Foundation C1 rating.
Publications
2023. Microorganisms Detected in Intussusception Cases and Controls in Children <3 Years in South Africa From 2013 to 2017.  Open Forum Infect Dis 10(9):ofad458
,2023. Epidemiology and aetiology of moderate to severe diarrhoea in hospitalised patients ≥5 years old living with HIV in South Africa, 2018-2021: A case-control analysis.  PLOS Glob Public Health 3(9):e0001718
,2023. ABO blood types, but not Secretor or Lewis blood types, influence strength of antibody response to Hepatitis B vaccine in Black South African children.  Vaccine 41(24):3617-3626
,2023. Impact of prior cryptococcal antigen screening on in-hospital mortality in cryptococcal meningitis or fungaemia among HIV-seropositive individuals in South Africa: a cross-sectional observational study.  Clin Microbiol Infect 29(8):1063-1069
,2023. Changing Epidemiology of COVID-19 in Children and Adolescents Over Four Successive Epidemic Waves in South Africa, 2020-2022.  J Pediatric Infect Dis Soc 12(3):128-134
,2023. A cohort study of post-COVID-19 condition across the Beta, Delta, and Omicron waves in South Africa: 6-month follow-up of hospitalized and nonhospitalized participants.  Int J Infect Dis 128:102-111
,2023. Nosocomial RSV-related In-hospital Mortality in Children <5 Years: A Global Case Series.  Pediatr Infect Dis J 42(1):1-7
,2023. Trends in Cases, Hospitalizations, and Mortality Related to the Omicron BA.4/BA.5 Subvariants in South Africa.  Clin Infect Dis 76(8):1468-1475
,2023. Human Metapneumovirus-Associated Hospitalization in HIV-1 Exposed Uninfected and HIV-1 Uninfected Children Less Than 5 Years in South Africa.  J Pediatric Infect Dis Soc 12(1):53-55
,2022. Diagnostic testing practices for diarrhoeal cases in South African public hospitals.  BMC Infect Dis 22(1):827
,2022. Undiagnosed comorbidities among individuals hospitalised with COVID-19 in South African public hospitals.  S Afr Med J 112(9):747-752
,2022. Clinical severity of SARS-CoV-2 Omicron BA.4 and BA.5 lineages compared to BA.1 and Delta in South Africa.  Nat Commun 13(1):5860
,2022. Post-COVID-19 condition 3 months after hospitalisation with SARS-CoV-2 in South Africa: a prospective cohort study.  Lancet Glob Health 10(9):e1247-e1256
,2022. Leveraging epidemiology as a decision support tool during the COVID-19 epidemic in South Africa.  S Afr Med J 112(5b):361-365
,2022. Outcomes of flucytosine-containing combination treatment for cryptococcal meningitis in a South African national access programme: a cross-sectional observational study.  Lancet Infect Dis 22(9):1365-1373
,2022. Increasing the low-risk threshold for patients with upper gastrointestinal bleeding during the COVID-19 pandemic: a prospective, multicentre feasibility study.  Frontline Gastroenterol 13(4):303-308
,2022. Clinical severity of COVID-19 in patients admitted to hospital during the omicron wave in South Africa: a retrospective observational study.  Lancet Glob Health 10(7):e961-e969
,2022. Identifying gaps in hand hygiene practice to support tailored target audience messaging in Soweto: A cross-sectional community survey.  S Afr J Infect Dis 37(1):339
,2022. Effectiveness of the Ad26.COV2.S vaccine in health-care workers in South Africa (the Sisonke study): results from a single-arm, open-label, phase 3B, implementation study.  Lancet 399(10330):1141-1153
,2022. Increased risk of SARS-CoV-2 reinfection associated with emergence of Omicron in South Africa.  Science 376(6593):eabn4947
,2022. Duration of effectiveness of vaccines against SARS-CoV-2 infection and COVID-19 disease: results of a systematic review and meta-regression.  Lancet 399(10328):924-944
,2022. Early assessment of the clinical severity of the SARS-CoV-2 omicron variant in South Africa: a data linkage study.  Lancet 399(10323):437-446
,2021. Incidence of febrile seizures and associated factors in children in Soweto, South Africa.  S Afr Med J 111(8):796-802
,2021. TLR genetic variation is associated with Rotavirus-specific IgA seroconversion in South African Black infants after two doses of Rotarix vaccine.  Vaccine 39(48):7028-7035
,2021. Mortality in children aged <5 years with severe acute respiratory illness in a high HIV-prevalence urban and rural areas of South Africa, 2009-2013.  PLoS One 16(8):e0255941
,2021. Diarrhoeal diseases in Soweto, South Africa, 2020: a cross-sectional community survey.  BMC Public Health 21(1):1431
,2021. Cytokine profiles in children with acute intussusception in South Africa.  Cytokine 146:155639
,2021. Effect of cytomegalovirus infection on humoral immune responses to select vaccines administered during infancy.  Vaccine 39(34):4793-4799
,2021. Clinical presentation and management of childhood intussusception in South Africa.  Pediatr Surg Int 37(10):1361-1370
,2021. A decade of rotavirus vaccination in Africa - Saving lives and changing the face of diarrhoeal diseases: Report of the 12(th) African Rotavirus Symposium.  Vaccine 39(17):2319-2324
,2021. In Utero Human Cytomegalovirus Infection Is Associated With Increased Levels of Putatively Protective Maternal Antibodies in Nonprimary Infection: Evidence for Boosting but Not Protection.  Clin Infect Dis 73(4):e981-e987
,2020. FUT2 Secretor Status Influences Susceptibility to VP4 Strain-Specific Rotavirus Infections in South African Children.  Pathogens 9.
,2020. Neurological and growth outcomes in South African children with congenital cytomegalovirus: A cohort study.  PLoS One 15(9):e0238102
,2020. HLA antibody repertoire in infants suggests selectivity in transplacental crossing.  Am J Reprod Immunol 84(2):e13264
,2020. Safety and immunogenicity of a parenteral trivalent P2-VP8 subunit rotavirus vaccine: a multisite, randomised, double-blind, placebo-controlled trial.  Lancet Infect Dis 20(7):851-863
,2020. Winning the Battle Against Rotavirus Diarrhea…One Step at a Time.  J Infect Dis 222(10):1587-1588
,2020. Global burden of respiratory infections associated with seasonal influenza in children under 5 years in 2018: a systematic review and modelling study.  Lancet Glob Health 8(4):e497-e510
,2020. Measuring Rotavirus Vaccine Impact in Sub-Saharan Africa.  Clin Infect Dis 70(11):2314-2316
,2020. Epidemiology of invasive bacterial infections in pneumococcal conjugate vaccine-vaccinated and -unvaccinated children under 5 years of age in Soweto, South Africa: a cohort study from a high-HIV burden setting.  Paediatr Int Child Health 40(1):50-57
,2020. Evaluation of Intussusception After Oral Monovalent Rotavirus Vaccination in South Africa.  Clin Infect Dis 70(8):1606-1612
,2019. Causes of severe pneumonia requiring hospital admission in children without HIV infection from Africa and Asia: the PERCH multi-country case-control study.  Lancet 394(10200):757-779
2019. Understanding the full clinical spectrum of childhood diarrhoea in low-income and middle-income countries.  Lancet Glob Health 7(5):e534-e535
,2019. Nivolumab and immune-mediated colitis.  Clin Case Rep 7(4):644-647
,2019. The Burden of Acute Diarrheal Disease in Young Hospitalized Urban South African Children Five Years After Rotavirus Vaccine Introduction: A Retrospective Descriptive Study.  Pediatr Infect Dis J 38(7):752-756
,2019. Neutrophil Counts in Healthy South African Infants: Implications for Enrollment and Adverse Event Grading in Clinical Trials in an African Setting.  J Pediatr X 1:100005
,2019. Real-world Effectiveness and Safety of Vedolizumab for the Treatment of Inflammatory Bowel Disease: The Scottish Vedolizumab Cohort.  J Crohns Colitis 13(9):1111-1120
,2019. Global Review of the Age Distribution of Rotavirus Disease in Children Aged <5 Years Before the Introduction of Rotavirus Vaccination.  Clin Infect Dis 69(6):1071-1078
,2019. Prevalence of Congenital Cytomegalovirus Infection and Associated Risk of In Utero Human Immunodeficiency Virus (HIV) Acquisition in a High-HIV Prevalence Setting, South Africa.  Clin Infect Dis 69(10):1789-1796
,2019. Epidemiology of human astroviruses among children younger than 5 years: Prospective hospital-based sentinel surveillance in South Africa, 2009-2014.  J Med Virol 91(2):225-234
,2019. Performance of Surveillance Case Definitions in Detecting Respiratory Syncytial Virus Infection Among Young Children Hospitalized With Severe Respiratory Illness-South Africa, 2009-2014.  J Pediatric Infect Dis Soc 8(4):325-333
,2018. Temporal association of rotavirus vaccination and genotype circulation in South Africa: Observations from 2002 to 2014.  Vaccine 36(47):7231-7237
,2018. Operational lessons learned in conducting a multi-country collaboration for vaccine safety signal verification and hypothesis testing: The global vaccine safety multi country collaboration initiative.  Vaccine 36(3):355-362
,2018. Enhancing global vaccine pharmacovigilance: Proof-of-concept study on aseptic meningitis and immune thrombocytopenic purpura following measles-mumps containing vaccination.  Vaccine 36(3):347-354
,2017. Extraspinal osteoarticular multidrug-resistant tuberculosis in children: A case series.  S Afr Med J 107(11):983-986
,2017. Use of Multiplex Quantitative PCR To Evaluate the Impact of Pneumococcal Conjugate Vaccine on Nasopharyngeal Pneumococcal Colonization in African Children.  mSphere 2.
,2017. Are patients in the IBD clinic at risk of proctitis secondary to sexually transmitted infections?  Frontline Gastroenterol 8(4):267-271
,2017. Global respiratory syncytial virus-associated mortality in young children (RSV GOLD): a retrospective case series.  Lancet Glob Health 5(10):e984-e991
,2017. Pneumococcal conjugate vaccines and hospitalization of children for pneumonia: a time-series analysis, South Africa, 2006-2014.  Bull World Health Organ 95(9):618-628
,2017. Global, regional, and national disease burden estimates of acute lower respiratory infections due to respiratory syncytial virus in young children in 2015: a systematic review and modelling study.  Lancet 390(10098):946-958
,2017. Respiratory syncytial virus in adults with severe acute respiratory illness in a high HIV prevalence setting.  J Infect 75(4):346-355
,2017. Association of C-Reactive Protein With Bacterial and Respiratory Syncytial Virus-Associated Pneumonia Among Children Aged <5 Years in the PERCH Study.  Clin Infect Dis 64(suppl_3):S378-S386
,2017. Evaluation of Pneumococcal Load in Blood by Polymerase Chain Reaction for the Diagnosis of Pneumococcal Pneumonia in Young Children in the PERCH Study.  Clin Infect Dis 64(suppl_3):S357-S367
,2017. Is Higher Viral Load in the Upper Respiratory Tract Associated With Severe Pneumonia? Findings From the PERCH Study.  Clin Infect Dis 64(suppl_3):S337-S346
,2017. Detection of Pneumococcal DNA in Blood by Polymerase Chain Reaction for Diagnosing Pneumococcal Pneumonia in Young Children From Low- and Middle-Income Countries.  Clin Infect Dis 64(suppl_3):S347-S356
,2017. Colonization Density of the Upper Respiratory Tract as a Predictor of Pneumonia-Haemophilus influenzae, Moraxella catarrhalis, Staphylococcus aureus, and Pneumocystis jirovecii.  Clin Infect Dis 64(suppl_3):S328-S336
,2017. The Effect of Antibiotic Exposure and Specimen Volume on the Detection of Bacterial Pathogens in Children With Pneumonia.  Clin Infect Dis 64(suppl_3):S368-S377
,2017. Density of Upper Respiratory Colonization With Streptococcus pneumoniae and Its Role in the Diagnosis of Pneumococcal Pneumonia Among Children Aged <5 Years in the PERCH Study.  Clin Infect Dis 64(suppl_3):S317-S327
,2017. Limited Utility of Polymerase Chain Reaction in Induced Sputum Specimens for Determining the Causes of Childhood Pneumonia in Resource-Poor Settings: Findings From the Pneumonia Etiology Research for Child Health (PERCH) Study.  Clin Infect Dis 64(suppl_3):S289-S300
,2017. The Diagnostic Utility of Induced Sputum Microscopy and Culture in Childhood Pneumonia.  Clin Infect Dis 64(suppl_3):S280-S288
,2017. Chest Radiograph Findings in Childhood Pneumonia Cases From the Multisite PERCH Study.  Clin Infect Dis 64(suppl_3):S262-S270
,2017. Microscopic Analysis and Quality Assessment of Induced Sputum From Children With Pneumonia in the PERCH Study.  Clin Infect Dis 64(suppl_3):S271-S279
,2017. Safety of Induced Sputum Collection in Children Hospitalized With Severe or Very Severe Pneumonia.  Clin Infect Dis 64(suppl_3):S301-S308
,2017. Standardization of Clinical Assessment and Sample Collection Across All PERCH Study Sites.  Clin Infect Dis 64(suppl_3):S228-S237
,2017. Should Controls With Respiratory Symptoms Be Excluded From Case-Control Studies of Pneumonia Etiology? Reflections From the PERCH Study.  Clin Infect Dis 64(suppl_3):S205-S212
,2017. Safety and immunogenicity of a parenteral P2-VP8-P[8] subunit rotavirus vaccine in toddlers and infants in South Africa: a randomised, double-blind, placebo-controlled trial.  Lancet Infect Dis 17(8):843-853
,2017. Case-control vaccine effectiveness studies: Preparation, design, and enrollment of cases and controls.  Vaccine 35(25):3295-3302
,2017. Case-control vaccine effectiveness studies: Data collection, analysis and reporting results.  Vaccine 35(25):3303-3308
,2017. Norovirus epidemiology in South African children <5 years hospitalised for diarrhoeal illness between 2009 and 2013.  Epidemiol Infect 145(9):1942-1952
,2017. Rotavirus Vaccine: Current Use and Future Considerations.  Pediatr Infect Dis J 36(7):676-678
,2017. Development of a respiratory severity score for hospitalized adults in a high HIV-prevalence setting-South Africa, 2010-2011.  BMC Pulm Med 17(1):28
,2017. Severity of Respiratory Syncytial Virus Lower Respiratory Tract Infection With Viral Coinfection in HIV-Uninfected Children.  Clin Infect Dis 64(4):443-450
,2016. Pertussis-Associated Pneumonia in Infants and Children From Low- and Middle-Income Countries Participating in the PERCH Study.  Clin Infect Dis 63(suppl 4):S187-S196
,2016. Risk Factors for Presumed Bacterial Pneumonia Among HIV-uninfected Children Hospitalized in Soweto, South Africa.  Pediatr Infect Dis J 35(11):1169-1174
,2016. Temporal Association of Rotavirus Vaccine Introduction and Reduction in All-Cause Childhood Diarrheal Hospitalizations in South Africa.  Clin Infect Dis 62 Suppl 2:S188-95
,2016. Epidemiology of Acute Lower Respiratory Tract Infection in HIV-Exposed Uninfected Infants.  Pediatrics 137.
,2016. Sapovirus prevalence in children less than five years of age hospitalised for diarrhoeal disease in South Africa, 2009-2013.  J Clin Virol 78:82-8
,2016. Prevaccination Rotavirus Serum IgG and IgA Are Associated With Lower Immunogenicity of Live, Oral Human Rotavirus Vaccine in South African Infants.  Clin Infect Dis 62(2):157-65
,2015. Parainfluenza Virus Infection Among Human Immunodeficiency Virus (HIV)-Infected and HIV-Uninfected Children and Adults Hospitalized for Severe Acute Respiratory Illness in South Africa, 2009-2014.  Open Forum Infect Dis 2(4):ofv139
,2015. Metastatic Testicular Choriocarcinoma: A Rare Cause of Upper GI Bleeding.  ACG Case Rep J 3(1):36-8
,2015. Assessing the impact of pneumococcal conjugate vaccines on invasive pneumococcal disease using polymerase chain reaction-based surveillance: an experience from South Africa.  BMC Infect Dis 15:450
,2015. Human metapneumovirus-associated severe acute respiratory illness hospitalisation in HIV-infected and HIV-uninfected South African children and adults.  J Clin Virol 69:125-32
,2015. Determining the Provincial and National Burden of Influenza-Associated Severe Acute Respiratory Illness in South Africa Using a Rapid Assessment Methodology.  PLoS One 10(7):e0132078
,2015. Effectiveness of pneumococcal conjugate vaccine against presumed bacterial pneumonia hospitalisation in HIV-uninfected South African children: a case-control study.  Thorax 70(12):1149-55
,2015. Increased risk for group B Streptococcus sepsis in young infants exposed to HIV, Soweto, South Africa, 2004-2008(1).  Emerg Infect Dis 21(4):638-45
,2015. Mortality amongst patients with influenza-associated severe acute respiratory illness, South Africa, 2009-2013.  PLoS One 10(3):e0118884
,2015. Epidemiology of severe acute respiratory illness (SARI) among adults and children aged ≥5 years in a high HIV-prevalence setting, 2009-2012.  PLoS One 10(2):e0117716
,2015. Influenza virus infection is associated with increased risk of death amongst patients hospitalized with confirmed pulmonary tuberculosis in South Africa, 2010-2011.  BMC Infect Dis 15:26
,2015. Acquisition of Streptococcus pneumoniae in South African children vaccinated with 7-valent pneumococcal conjugate vaccine at 6, 14 and 40 weeks of age.  Vaccine 33(5):628-34
,2015. Epidemiology of viral-associated acute lower respiratory tract infection among children <5 years of age in a high HIV prevalence setting, South Africa, 2009-2012.  Pediatr Infect Dis J 34(1):66-72
,2014. Effectiveness of monovalent human rotavirus vaccine against admission to hospital for acute rotavirus diarrhoea in South African children: a case-control study.  Lancet Infect Dis 14(11):1096-1104
,2014. Epidemiology of influenza virus types and subtypes in South Africa, 2009-2012.  Emerg Infect Dis 20(7):1162-9
,2014. High nasopharyngeal pneumococcal density, increased by viral coinfection, is associated with invasive pneumococcal pneumonia.  J Infect Dis 210(10):1649-57
,2014. Effect of breastfeeding on immunogenicity of oral live-attenuated human rotavirus vaccine: a randomized trial in HIV-uninfected infants in Soweto, South Africa.  Bull World Health Organ 92(4):238-45
,2014. Is the Glasgow Blatchford score useful in the risk assessment of patients presenting with variceal haemorrhage?  Eur J Gastroenterol Hepatol 26(4):432-7
,2014. HIV and influenza virus infections are associated with increased blood pneumococcal load: a prospective, hospital-based observational study in South Africa, 2009-2011.  J Infect Dis 209(1):56-65
,2013. Impact of rotavirus vaccine on childhood diarrheal hospitalization after introduction into the South African public immunization program.  Pediatr Infect Dis J 32(12):1359-64
,2013. Epidemiology of respiratory syncytial virus-associated acute lower respiratory tract infection hospitalizations among HIV-infected and HIV-uninfected South African children, 2010-2011.  J Infect Dis 208 Suppl 3:S217-26
,2013. Immunogenicity of seven-valent pneumococcal conjugate vaccine administered at 6, 14 and 40 weeks of age in South African infants.  PLoS One 8(8):e72794
,2013. Antibody persistence and booster vaccination of a fully liquid hexavalent vaccine coadministered with measles/mumps/rubella and varicella vaccines at 15-18 months of age in healthy South African infants.  Pediatr Infect Dis J 32(8):889-97
,2013. Acquisition of Streptococcus pneumoniae in pneumococcal conjugate vaccine-naïve South African children and their mothers.  Pediatr Infect Dis J 32(5):e192-205
,2012. Respiratory viral coinfections identified by a 10-plex real-time reverse-transcription polymerase chain reaction assay in patients hospitalized with severe acute respiratory illness--South Africa, 2009-2010.  J Infect Dis 206 Suppl 1:S159-65
,2012. Limited contribution of common genetic variants to risk for liver injury due to a variety of drugs.  Pharmacogenet Genomics 22(11):784-95
,2012. Maternal HIV infection and vertical transmission of pathogenic bacteria.  Pediatrics 130(3):e581-90
,2012. Community-onset Staphylococcus aureus bacteraemia in hospitalised African children: high incidence in HIV-infected children and high prevalence of multidrug resistance.  Paediatr Int Child Health 32(3):140-6
,2012. Risk factors for neonatal sepsis and perinatal death among infants enrolled in the prevention of perinatal sepsis trial, Soweto, South Africa.  Pediatr Infect Dis J 31(8):821-6
,2012. Five-year cohort study on the burden of hospitalisation for acute diarrhoeal disease in African HIV-infected and HIV-uninfected children: potential benefits of rotavirus vaccine.  Vaccine 30 Suppl 1:A173-8
,2012. Evaluation of risk factors for severe pneumonia in children: the Pneumonia Etiology Research for Child Health study.  Clin Infect Dis 54 Suppl 2(Suppl 2):S124-31
,2012. Identification and selection of cases and controls in the Pneumonia Etiology Research for Child Health project.  Clin Infect Dis 54 Suppl 2(Suppl 2):S117-23
,2012. Antibiotic and systemic therapies for pneumonia in human immunodeficiency virus (HIV)-infected and HIV-exposed children.  J Infect Dev Ctries 6(2):109-19
,2012. Epidemiology of acute osteoarticular sepsis in a setting with a high prevalence of pediatric HIV infection.  J Pediatr Orthop 32(2):215-9
,2012. A brief report on perceptions of alcohol and society among Scottish medical students.  Alcohol Alcohol 47(1):75-8
,2011. One-year post-primary antibody persistence and booster immune response to a DTaP-IPV//PRP~T vaccine (Pentaxim) given at 18 - 19 months of age in South African children primed at 6, 10 and 14 weeks of age with the same vaccine.  S Afr Med J 101(12):879-83
,2011. Systematic review on the etiology and antibiotic treatment of pneumonia in human immunodeficiency virus-infected children.  Pediatr Infect Dis J 30(10):e192-202
,2011. Multicentre comparison of the Glasgow Blatchford and Rockall Scores in the prediction of clinical end-points after upper gastrointestinal haemorrhage.  Aliment Pharmacol Ther 34(4):470-5
,2011. Immunogenicity and safety of an acellular pertussis, diphtheria, tetanus, inactivated poliovirus, Hib-conjugate combined vaccine (Pentaxim) and monovalent hepatitis B vaccine at 6, 10 and 14 weeks of age in infants in South Africa.  S Afr Med J 101(2):126-31
,2011. Susceptibility to amoxicillin-clavulanate-induced liver injury is influenced by multiple HLA class I and II alleles.  Gastroenterology 141(1):338-47
,2011. Immunogenicity and safety of an investigational fully liquid hexavalent combination vaccine versus licensed combination vaccines at 6, 10, and 14 weeks of age in healthy South African infants.  Pediatr Infect Dis J 30(4):e68-74
,2010. Evaluation of a new core curriculum on alcohol use disorders for undergraduate medical students.  Alcohol Alcohol 45(4):395-7
,2009. Chlorhexidine maternal-vaginal and neonate body wipes in sepsis and vertical transmission of pathogenic bacteria in South Africa: a randomised, controlled trial.  Lancet 374(9705):1909-16
,2009. Outpatient management of patients with low-risk upper-gastrointestinal haemorrhage: multicentre validation and prospective evaluation.  Lancet 373(9657):42-7
,2008. Use of oesophageal stress response proteins as potential biomarkers in the screening for Barrett's oesophagus.  Eur J Gastroenterol Hepatol 20(10):961-5
,2007. Prevalence of laryngopharyngeal reflux in a population with gastroesophageal reflux.  Laryngoscope 117(8):1424-8
,1982. Assessment of the naked DNA content in oligonucleosome preparations.  J Mol Biol 158(3):385-9
,1975. Health policy making in action. The conception and introduction of the legislation.  NLN Publ.
,1960. A capricious appetite.  Can Nurse 56:995-7
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